Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Greek And Persian Empires - 1156 Words

Throughout the years, many historians have acknowledged that the classical era was a time when Greek and Persian Empires flourished. With that being said, from approximately 323-800 B.C.E., both the Greek and Persian Empire were experiencing periods of economic, political, and artistic growth. The Persians, like the Greeks, were Indo Europeans, and were located by the Mediterranean Sea, which consequently allowed Greeks and Persians to develop similarities. At this time, many emerging civilizations lacked communication with other societies. Consequently, this enabled many civilizations to established their own political systems, cultures, and religions. However, unlike other aspiring nations, the Greek and Persian Empires had interaction†¦show more content†¦The Greeks were also located near the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Greek culture was known for its contributions to the architecture, science, mathematics, theatre and arts, and literature. The Greeks also made the first significant, fundamental steps in science. The Greeks developed specific scientific branches, such as zoology, biology, and anthropology. They were also known for controlling the Persian Empire after the Persian War. King Alexander the Great initiated a war with Persia, conquered and killed the last emperors. When they got ahold of Persians important city, Persepolis, they burned it down. After Alexander, Greek culture spread out throughout Persia and it was known as Hellenistic Era. (Lecture 10). Religion also separated the Greeks and Persians. Persians placed a great emphasis on ritual, and practiced religious autonomy or religious toleration. Also, Persia was known to have three distinct religions. However, Zoroastrianism was considered the primary religion in Persia, because it was the first monotheistic religion. This religion introduced the idea of a dualistic universe that focused on good versus evil and heaven and hell (Lecture 8). The Persians were also committed to having people convert to their religion. As for the Greeks, â€Å"They did not recognize a single, exclusive, all powerful God† (Bentley 212). Greeks believed in mythology and in many different gods, such as Zeus, Poseidon,

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Sociological Eye There Are Many Types Of Families

Through the sociological eye there are many different types of families. There is no formal definition of what a family is, but there are several different views that can give you an idea of what it may look like. Stereotypical families have become a commonality across American’s society. According to Lamanna, M., Riedmann, A., and Stewart, S. (2015) a stereotypical family, is a representation of several different types of families that are present in today’s society. What sets these families apart from each other is their structural composition such as kids/no kids, one parent, two parent, or even no parent or multigenerational families. Along with their structural composition they also differ between demographic features such as,†¦show more content†¦These types of families are all considered a family but, they do not share the same beliefs. In today’s society there are many varieties of families but none of these force the specificity of what to do as a family, or how to act like one. While growing up I was taught that not every family is the same but, I still had to be accepting. As time progressed throughout my childhood, I started to speculate what I could expect a family to be. My family consists of two opposite-sex parents and three children. Throughout my childhood, my family has never had a lot of money. In return, I had to grow up in poverty due to my parent’s lack of college education. Alleyne provides from the US Census bureau that the average annual income continues to be strongly affected by the educational status. Pg 6† Even though my parents have no college education, I have always had to live up to my parent’s expectations of attending college. Alleyne says, â€Å"both parental educational background and family income have a strong effect on students’ expectations in such a way that the higher parental education and higher the family income, the ore likely the students are to expect to earn a professional degree.† Pg 16. Similarly, I have always have been expected to obtain a professional degree although Iâ€⠄¢ve lived in low income. Personally, I have been shaped to believe that families vary significantly and consist of many different demographic features in which are

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Dickens’ Views on the French Revolution Free Essays

Dickens’ views on The French Revolution Revolutions have occurred since the first oppressed people got fed up with a tyrannical leader. It has been the cry of the downtrodden since the beginning of time. Revolution is a word that symbolizes hope for a better future. We will write a custom essay sample on Dickens’ Views on the French Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be a dangerous thing because if not successful life for the common people might get worse than it originally was. Even if successful the new leaders can be as bad as those preceding. Dickens captures the essence of a revolution gone bad in his novel A Tale Of Two Cities. The intent of this short essay is to discuss and analyze Dickens’ treatment of the theme of revolution in A Tale of Two Cities. It will attempt to show you how Dickens changes his mind midway through the novel about whether or not the revolutionaries in France are better than their aristocratic predecessors. When the novel first journeyed into France, it was to a poor district in Paris by the name of St. Antonie. A barrel of wine had fallen from the back of a cart in front of a small wine shop owned by a monsieur Defarge. People from all around rushed to see what had happened. The people were so poor that the very chance to drink wine, even off the dirty street was too tempting to pass up. They drank out of cupped hands and even went as far as to squeeze wine from a rag into an infant’s mouth. Their hands were stained red by the wine. It is a pitiful and prophetic scene. It is prophetic in that later these same poor peasants whose hands are stained red with wine will have them stained red with the blood of the nobility, and the streets will run with the blood of a revolution as it does with the wine. The revolution in France is necessary for the good of the people and Dickens seems to be right behind the peasants. His views are expressed most clearly when he shows how uncaring the aristocrats were to the plight of the common people. A specific point of this is when he had the Marque de Evremonde say, after running over a small child, â€Å"It is extraordinary that you people cannot take care of yourselves or your children†¦ How do I know what injury you have done my horses. † (A Tale of Two Cities 112) Judging from how the aristocrat is portrayed, Dickens continues to support he peasants right up to the beginning of the revolution. Dicken’s sympathies shifts rather quickly from the mob of French patriot revolutionaries to the plight of the aristocrats and their families. In the time before the revolution any noble could have any commoner thrown in jail without reason or a trial, just on a suspicion, as was done to Dr. Manette by the Evremonde brothers. This did change after the revolution, when any person at all could be thrown in jail with a good chance of execution by La Guillotine for any reason at all. The aristocrats in particular had no chance at all, as is shown by this quote, â€Å"Let him be, he will be judged in Paris. † The response being â€Å"Judged, ay! , and condemned as a traitor. † (A Tale of Two Cities 259) Dickens has no love for the mob either. While describing their wild dancing and singing and murder in the streets, he does not speak as if he holds them in high regard. In one case in particular, he seems to really despise their actions and speaks out against them through the rational voice of the narrator, â€Å"There were no fewer than five hundred people, and they were dancing like five thousand demons. (A Tale of Two Cities 290) In closing, I reiterate the thesis statement, that things did not improve and in some cases got worse than before. In the long run it was best for the French people as a whole but Dickens is right when he implies that the French Revolutionary mob was composed mainly of animals like Madame Defarge whose interests lay with revenge rather than the improvement as a whole of their society. While it lasted, the French Revolution was one of the most barbaric periods in the history of the world. How to cite Dickens’ Views on the French Revolution, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Avocado Leaf Plasticity free essay sample

INTRODUCTION: Phenotypic plasticity, or differing phenotypes from one genotype in different environmental conditions, is a way for sessile organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions (Valladares et al., 2007). Plasticity was expected to be abundant, however, it did not occur as often in nature due to resource limitations and environmental stress (Valladares et al., 2007). An experiment by Matos tested the phenotypic plasticity to light availability in shade and sun leaves of coffee trees (Matos et al., 2009). Their research indicated that compared [to] sun leaves, shade leaves had a lower stomatal density, a thinner palisade mesophyll, a higher specific leaf area, and improved light capture†¦ (Matos et al., 2009). The sun leaves were described as generally thicker with an enhanced quantity of palisade mesophyll (Matos et al., 2009). Our objective was the presence of phenotypic plasticity in avocado trees based on the differences in the morphology of shade and sun leaves. In our study, we asked whether there is a difference in surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color between shade leaves and sun leaves in avocado trees. We will write a custom essay sample on Avocado Leaf Plasticity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color between shade leaves and sun leaves. METHODS: We collected our seventy samples of avocado tree (Persea americana) leaves, in equal amounts of sun and shade leaves, at an avocado tree grove located north of Building 3 and University Drive at Cal Poly Pomona on Thursday, October 24, 2013 at 9:00 am. They were randomly and interspersedly collected throughout the grove. We split the grove into five areas, split into five teams of two, and was assigned to one of the five areas. Each team picked a number for the trees in their region and a random number was selected from a random number table to select a tree corresponding to that number. A random number table was used to pick the corresponding quadrant, branch, and leaf.  This process was done twice on each tree in the understory for shade leaves, and in the canopy for sun leaves. Each leaf was measured for its surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color. Surface area was measured by a leaf area meter in squared centimeters. Length-to-width ratio was measured by measuring the length (vertically along the bridge of the leaf) and the width (horizontally on the widest part of the leaf) with a ruler in centimeters, and dividing the length by the width. Mass was calculated by a balance in grams. Specific leaf mass (thickness) was measured by dividing the mass by its surface area in grams per squared centimeter. Color was measured by having three reference leaves provided by the instructor, indicating light (L), medium (M), and dark (D) leaves and compared our collected leaves. After recording all of the data, these data were then input into a statistical program called StatCat to determine normality through a normality test. The data for surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, and specific leaf mass for sun and shade leaves were both normal, therefore, we chose a paired sample t-test for all of them. A normality test was not needed for color for sun and shade leaves due to it being a nominal scale data. The number of light, medium, and dark shade leaves were tallied up according to color, and the same was done for the sun leaves. A contingency table was made in Excel, and used in StatCat to test our hypothesis. The paired sample t-tests were also done through StatCat, which then gave us the appropriate results to test our hypotheses. RESULTS: Shade leaves had a significantly larger surface area than sun leaves (t = -3.7313, P = 0.00069; Table 1). Shade leaves had a significantly larger length-to-width ratio than sun leaves (t = -2.7162, P = 0.01031). Shade leaves had no significant difference in mass than sun leaves (t = -1.4871, P = 0.1462). Shade leaves had a significantly smaller specific leaf mass than sun leaves (t = 5.82093, P = 1.5Ãâ€"10-6). Shade leaves were significantly darker than sun leaves (X2 = 18.417, P = 0.0001).